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Sunday, September 20, 2009
Species diversity
The number of species of plants and animals that are present in a regieon constitues Its species diversity.This diversity is seen both in natural ecosystems and in agricultural ecosystems.some areas are richer in species than others.For example,natural undisturbed tropical ecosystems.some areas are richer i
n species richness then monoculture plantations developed by the forest Department for timber production .A natural forest ecosysstem provides a large number of non-timber forest products(NTPF's)that local people depand on ,such as fruit ,fuelwood,fooder,fiber,gum ,resin and medicins.Timber plantations do not provide the large variety of goods that are essential for local consumption .In the long-term ,the economic sustainble returns from NTFPs is said to be greater than the returns from felling a forest for its timber.Thus ,the commercial value of a ntural forest ,with all its species richness is much greater than a plantation .Moderen intensive agricultual ecosystem have a relatively lower diversity of crops than treditional agro-pastoral farming systems,where multiple crops were planted.
n species richness then monoculture plantations developed by the forest Department for timber production .A natural forest ecosysstem provides a large number of non-timber forest products(NTPF's)that local people depand on ,such as fruit ,fuelwood,fooder,fiber,gum ,resin and medicins.Timber plantations do not provide the large variety of goods that are essential for local consumption .In the long-term ,the economic sustainble returns from NTFPs is said to be greater than the returns from felling a forest for its timber.Thus ,the commercial value of a ntural forest ,with all its species richness is much greater than a plantation .Moderen intensive agricultual ecosystem have a relatively lower diversity of crops than treditional agro-pastoral farming systems,where multiple crops were planted.At present ,conservation scientists have been able to identify and catagerize about 1.8 million species on Earth .However,this this is only a fraction of what really exists .Many new species are being identified especially in the flowering plants and insects.Areas that are exceptionally rich in speicies diversity are called especially'hotspots'of diversity ;India is among the world's 15 nations that are exceptionally rich in species diversity.
Genetic Diversity
Each member of any animal or plant species differs widely from other individuals in its genetic makeup,owing to the large number of combinitions possible in the genes that give every individual specific its charecterstics.Thus,for example,each human being population of a species.If the number of breeding individuals is reduced,the dissimilary of genetic makeup is reduced and in-breeding occurs.This leads to genetic anomalies and eventually ,to the extinction of that particular species .The diversity in wild species forms the'gene pool' from which our crops and domestic animals have been developed over thousands of Years.Today,the variety of natur's bounty is being further expoited by using wild relatives to create new varieties of more productive,disease-resistant crops and to breed superior domestic animals .Modem biotechnology also manipulates genes to develop better types types of medicins and a variety of industrial products.
Definition
'Biological diversity or biodiversity is that part of nature which includes the differences in genes among the individuals of s species;the variety and richness of all the plant and animal species at different scales in space-locally,in a region ,in the country and the world;and the types of ecosystems.both terrestrial and aqutic,within a defined area.
'Biological diversity deals with the degree with the degree of nature's variety in the biosphere.This variety can be observed at three levels-the genetic variability within a community ;and the organization of species in an area in to distinctive plant and animal communities .
'Biological diversity deals with the degree with the degree of nature's variety in the biosphere.This variety can be observed at three levels-the genetic variability within a community ;and the organization of species in an area in to distinctive plant and animal communities .
Saturday, September 19, 2009
Defination
'Biological diversity or biodiversity is that part of nature which includes the differences in genes among the individuals of species;the variety and richness of all the plant and animal species at different scales in space-locally,in a region ,in the country and the world;and the types of ecosystems,both terrestrial and aquatic,with in a defined area.
BIODIVERSITY
The great variety of life on the Earth has provided for man's needs over thousands of years.This diversity of living creaturs forms a support system which has been used by each civilization for its growth and development.Those that used this bounty of nature carefully and sustainably survived ,while those that overused or misused it disintegrated.
Science has attempted to calssify and categorizecthe variability in nature for over a century.This has led to an understanding of its organiztion in to commubities of plants and animals.This information has helped in utilizing the Earth's biological wealth for the benefit of humanity and has been integral to the process of 'devolopment'.This includes better health care ,better crops and the use of these life-forms as raw meterial for industrial growth ,which has led to a higher standard of living for the developed world .However,this has also produced the modern consumerist society ,which adversely affects the disversity of biological resources upon which it is based .The diversity of life on Earth is os great that if we use it sustainbly we can go on devoloping new products from biodiversity for many generations.This can only happen if we manage biodiversity as precious resource and prevent the extinction of species.
Science has attempted to calssify and categorizecthe variability in nature for over a century.This has led to an understanding of its organiztion in to commubities of plants and animals.This information has helped in utilizing the Earth's biological wealth for the benefit of humanity and has been integral to the process of 'devolopment'.This includes better health care ,better crops and the use of these life-forms as raw meterial for industrial growth ,which has led to a higher standard of living for the developed world .However,this has also produced the modern consumerist society ,which adversely affects the disversity of biological resources upon which it is based .The diversity of life on Earth is os great that if we use it sustainbly we can go on devoloping new products from biodiversity for many generations.This can only happen if we manage biodiversity as precious resource and prevent the extinction of species.
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